Graph Attention MLP with Reliable Label Utilization
Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance in many graph-based applications. Despite the high performance, they typically need to perform expensive recursive neighborhood expansions during every training epoch and has the scalability issue. Moreover, most of them are inflexible since they are restricted to fixed-hop neighborhoods and insensitive to actual receptive field requirements for each node. We circumvent these limitations by introducing a scalable and flexible method: Graph Attention Multi-Layer Perceptron (GAMLP). Following the routine of decoupled GNNs, the feature propagation in GAMLP is executed during pre-computation, which helps it maintain high scalability. With three proposed receptive field attention, each node in GAMLP is flexible in leveraging the propagated features over the different sizes of reception field. We conduct extensive evaluations on two large open graph benchmarks (ogbn-products and ogbn-papers100M), demonstrating that GAMLP not only achieves state-of-the-art performance, but also enjoys high scalability and efficiency.
Benchmark Results
Tested on 3 datasets 1 baseline value reported too low
Tables show presented results in global context (best 3 papers + GCN + MLP).
OGB
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jacobi | 0.8968 | |
| 2 | GPR | 0.8953 | |
| 3 | LEMP4HG | 0.8939 | |
| 4 | SAGE | 0.8933 | |
| 6 | GCN | 0.8868 best reported | best at pub: Calibrating and Improving Graph Contrastive Learning (TMLR 2021) |
| 43 | SAGN+SLE | 0.8501
±0.0010 best reported | best at pub: Scalable and Adaptive Graph Neural Networks with Self-Label-Enhanced Training (2021) best today: Node Feature Extraction by Self-Supervised Multi-scale Neighborhood Prediction (ICLR 2021) |
| 52 | GAMLP+RLU | 0.8459
±0.0010 | This paper |
| 58 | MLP+C&S | 0.8418
±0.0007 | This paper |
| 65 | GAMLP | 0.8376
±0.0019 best reported | best today: ATLAS: Adaptive Topology-based Learning at Scale for Homophilic and Heterophilic Graphs (2025) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| 77 | SIGN | 0.8310
±0.0080 best reported | best at pub: Scalable and Adaptive Graph Neural Networks with Self-Label-Enhanced Training (2021) best today: PaSca: a Graph Neural Architecture Search System under the Scalable Paradigm (WWW 2022) |
| 83 | GraphSAGE | 0.8287 best reported | best at pub: Scalable and Adaptive Graph Neural Networks with Self-Label-Enhanced Training (2021) best today: Clustering as Reasoning: A $k$-Means Interpretation of Chain-of-Thought Graph Learning (ICML 2026) |
| 85 | UniMP | 0.8256
±0.0031 | This paper |
| 127 | DeeperGCN | 0.8098
±0.0020 | prev best: Masked Label Prediction: Unified Message Passing Model for Semi-Supervised Classification (IJCAI 2020) Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted. |
| 351 | MLP | 0.6605
±0.0020 |
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SGC | 0.6329
±0.0019 | prev best: Evaluating Deep Graph Neural Networks (2021) best today: Unifews: You Need Fewer Operations for Efficient Graph Neural Networks (ICML 2024) Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted. |
| 2 | GAMLP | 0.7036
±0.0002 best reported | best today: Learning on Large-scale Text-attributed Graphs via Variational Inference (ICLR 2022) |
| 3 | GLEM-GNN | 0.7036
±0.0002 | |
| 5 | GAMLP+RLU | 0.6967
±0.0004 best reported | best today: Node Feature Extraction by Self-Supervised Multi-scale Neighborhood Prediction (ICLR 2021) |
| 14 | SAGN+SLE | 0.6800
±0.0015 | This paper |
| 24 | SIGN-XL | 0.6706
±0.0017 best reported | best today: SCR: Training Graph Neural Networks with Consistency Regularization (2021) |
| 35 | SAGE | 0.6644
±0.0017 | |
| 38 | SIGN | 0.6636
±0.0005 best reported | best at pub: Scalable and Adaptive Graph Neural Networks with Self-Label-Enhanced Training (2021) best today: Graph Learning at Scale: Characterizing and Optimizing Pre-Propagation GNNs (2025) |
| 95 | MLP | 0.4960
±0.0030 |
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LMSPS+LP+MS | 0.5784
±0.0022 | |
| 2 | SeHGNN+emb+ms | 0.5719
±0.0012 | |
| 3 | SeHGNN+ms | 0.5671
±0.0014 | |
| 8 | NARS-GAMLP+RLU | 0.5590
±0.0027 | This paper |
| 15 | NARS-SAGN+2-SLE | 0.5440
±0.0015 | This paper |
| 18 | NARS-GAMLP | 0.5401
±0.0021 best reported | best today: Graph Attention Multi-Layer Perceptron (KDD 2022) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| 27 | SIGN | 0.5289
±0.0011 best reported | best at pub: Scalable Graph Neural Networks for Heterogeneous Graphs (2020) best today: Improving Expressivity of GNNs with Subgraph-specific Factor Embedded Normalization (KDD 2023) |
| 28 | NARS | 0.5240
±0.0016 | This paper |
| 31 | NARS-SAGN+0-SLE | 0.5232
±0.0025 | This paper |
| 33 | R-HGNN | 0.5204
±0.0026 | This paper |
| 40 | HGConv | 0.5045
±0.0017 | This paper |
| 41 | R-GSN | 0.5032
±0.0037 | This paper |
| 42 | HGT | 0.4927
±0.0061 | prev best: Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning with Relation Awareness (2021) best today: Robust Learning on Heterogeneous Graphs with Heterophily: A Graph Structure Learning Approach (2026) Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted. |
| 56 | R-GCN | 0.4693
±0.0046 best reported | |
| 57 | GraphSAGE | 0.4646
±0.0060 | |
| 76 | MLP | 0.3243 |
