KDD 2022

Graph Attention Multi-Layer Perceptron

Wentao Zhang, Ziqi Yin, Zeang Sheng, Wenbin Ouyang, Xiaosen Li, Yangyu Tao, Zhi Yang, Bin Cui

Main figure for Graph Attention Multi-Layer Perceptron

Abstract

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in many graph-based applications. However, the enormous size and high sparsity level of graphs hinder their applications under industrial scenarios. Although some scalable GNNs are proposed for large-scale graphs, they adopt a fixed $K$-hop neighborhood for each node, thus facing the over-smoothing issue when adopting large propagation depths for nodes within sparse regions. To tackle the above issue, we propose a new GNN architecture --- Graph Attention Multi-Layer Perceptron (GAMLP), which can capture the underlying correlations between different scales of graph knowledge. We have deployed GAMLP in Tencent with the Angel platform, and we further evaluate GAMLP on both real-world datasets and large-scale industrial datasets. Extensive experiments on these 14 graph datasets demonstrate that GAMLP achieves state-of-the-art performance while enjoying high scalability and efficiency. Specifically, it outperforms GAT by 1.3\ Besides, it ranks top-1 on both the leaderboards of the largest homogeneous and heterogeneous graph (i.e., ogbn-papers100M and ogbn-mag) of Open Graph Benchmark.

Benchmark Results

Tested on 9 datasets 23 baseline values reported too low

Tables show presented results in global context (best 3 papers + GCN + MLP).

Classic

#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
GraphTARIF
0.9703 ±0.0019
2
GAT
actual #2 vs paper #408 406 places worse
0.9669 ±0.0014
best reported
actual #2 vs paper #408 406 places worse
paper 0.9080 ±0.0100
3
GAT+T
0.9660 ±0.0007
7
SAGE
0.9643 ±0.0027
8
GCN
actual #8 vs paper #395 387 places worse
0.9632 ±0.0008
best reported
actual #8 vs paper #395 387 places worse
paper 0.9120 ±0.0060
paper 0.9120 ±0.0060 Δ at pub 0.0122 Δ today 0.0512
21
APPNP
actual #21 vs paper #378 357 places worse
0.9573 ±0.0012
best reported
actual #21 vs paper #378 357 places worse
paper 0.9140 ±0.0030
50
SGC
actual #50 vs paper #366 316 places worse
0.9511 ±0.0009
best reported
actual #50 vs paper #366 316 places worse
paper 0.9160 ±0.0070
242
GAMLP(JK)
0.9280 ±0.0070
This paper
332
AP-GCN
0.9210 ±0.0030
This paper
333
GBP
0.9210 ±0.0080
This paper
349
JK-Net
0.9190 ±0.0070
This paper
363
SIGN
0.9170 ±0.0070
This paper
367
S^2GC
0.9160 ±0.0060
This paper
388
ResGCN
0.9130 ±0.0090
This paper
390
MLP
0.9128 ±0.0063
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
GraphTARIF
0.9461 ±0.0017
2
GCN
actual #2 vs paper #390 388 places worse
0.9412 ±0.0008
best reported
actual #2 vs paper #390 388 places worse
paper 0.8240 ±0.0040
paper 0.8240 ±0.0040 Δ at pub 0.0545 Δ today 0.1172
3
GAT
actual #3 vs paper #428 425 places worse
0.9398 ±0.0022
best reported
actual #3 vs paper #428 425 places worse
paper 0.8010 ±0.0060
paper 0.8010 ±0.0060 Δ at pub 0.0683 Δ today 0.1388
8
SAGE
0.9351 ±0.0006
58
APPNP
actual #58 vs paper #409 351 places worse
0.9093 ±0.0018
best reported
actual #58 vs paper #409 351 places worse
paper 0.8170 ±0.0030
82
SGC
actual #82 vs paper #398 316 places worse
0.9022 ±0.0021
best reported
actual #82 vs paper #398 316 places worse
paper 0.8220 ±0.0090
308
AP-GCN
actual #308 vs paper #357 49 places worse
0.8518 ±0.0023
best reported
actual #308 vs paper #357 49 places worse
paper 0.8370 ±0.0060
paper 0.8370 ±0.0060 Δ at pub 0.0148
320
MLP
0.8463
325
GAMLP(JK)
0.8450 ±0.0070
This paper
370
GBP
0.8350 ±0.0080
This paper
378
SIGN
0.8310 ±0.0080
This paper
379
S^2GC
0.8310 ±0.0070
This paper
404
JK-Net
0.8200 ±0.0060
This paper
418
ResGCN
0.8110 ±0.0070
This paper
#ModelF1 ↑Paper
1
EnGCN
0.9714 ±0.0003
2
SAGN+SLE
0.9710
3
GAMLP(JK)
0.9704 ±0.0001
This paper
4
GraphSAINT
actual #4 vs paper #13 9 places worse
0.9700
best reported
actual #4 vs paper #13 9 places worse
paper 0.9660 ±0.0001
12
rf
0.9662 ±0.0100
This paper
14
GraphSAGE
actual #14 vs paper #52 38 places worse
0.9660
best reported
actual #14 vs paper #52 38 places worse
paper 0.9540 ±0.0001
paper 0.9540 ±0.0001 Δ at pub 0.0120
17
Cluster-GCN
actual #17 vs paper #47 30 places worse
0.9660
best reported
actual #17 vs paper #47 30 places worse
paper 0.9570
58
GCN
0.9530 ±0.0010
73
SGC
0.9490
This paper
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
GrokFormer
0.9831 ±0.0018
2
PolyFormer
0.9808 ±0.0027
3
SGFormer
0.9796 ±0.0081
6
GAT
actual #6 vs paper #273 267 places worse
0.9782 ±0.0028
best reported
actual #6 vs paper #273 267 places worse
paper 0.9020 ±0.0140
paper 0.9020 ±0.0140 Δ at pub 0.0600 Δ today 0.0762
9
GCN
actual #9 vs paper #246 237 places worse
0.9774 ±0.0035
best reported
actual #9 vs paper #246 237 places worse
paper 0.9270 ±0.0110
paper 0.9270 ±0.0110 Δ at pub 0.0380 Δ today 0.0504
17
SAGE
0.9739 ±0.0018
42
APPNP
actual #42 vs paper #245 203 places worse
0.9654 ±0.0007
best reported
actual #42 vs paper #245 203 places worse
paper 0.9280 ±0.0090
paper 0.9280 ±0.0090 Δ at pub 0.0096 Δ today 0.0374
58
MLP
0.9597 ±0.0007
70
SGC
actual #70 vs paper #263 193 places worse
0.9580 ±0.0010
best reported
actual #70 vs paper #263 193 places worse
paper 0.9170 ±0.0110
paper 0.9170 ±0.0110 Δ at pub 0.0410 Δ today 0.0410
208
GAMLP(JK)
0.9360 ±0.0100
This paper
223
GBP
0.9330 ±0.0070
This paper
236
AP-GCN
0.9310 ±0.0090
This paper
237
S^2GC
0.9310 ±0.0080
This paper
240
SIGN
actual #240 vs paper #245 5 places worse
0.9303 ±0.0115
best reported
actual #240 vs paper #245 5 places worse
paper 0.9280 ±0.0080

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.9280 ±0.0080 Δ at pub 0.0023
254
JK-Net
0.9250 ±0.0040
This paper
260
ResGCN
0.9220 ±0.0150
This paper
#ModelF1 ↑Paper
1
GAMLP(JK)
0.9982 ±0.0001
This paper
2
GraphCON-GCN
0.9960
3
GCNII
0.9953 ±0.0001
4
GraphSAINT
actual #4 vs paper #8 4 places worse
0.9940 ±0.0003
actual #4 vs paper #8 4 places worse
paper 0.9940 ±0.0003

Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted.

paper 0.9940 ±0.0003 Δ at pub 0.0010 Δ today 0.0010
9
Cluster-GCN
actual #9 vs paper #11 2 places worse
0.9940
best reported
actual #9 vs paper #11 2 places worse
paper 0.9920 ±0.0004
best at pub: Graph-Coupled Oscillator Networks (ICML 2022)
paper 0.9920 ±0.0004 Δ at pub 0.0020
21
GCN
0.9850
90
SGC
actual #90 vs paper #140 50 places worse
0.8920 ±0.0150
best reported
actual #90 vs paper #140 50 places worse
paper 0.6570 ±0.0001
paper 0.6570 ±0.0001 Δ at pub 0.2350
101
GraphSAGE
actual #101 vs paper #153 52 places worse
0.7860
best reported
actual #101 vs paper #153 52 places worse
paper 0.6120 ±0.0005
paper 0.6120 ±0.0005 Δ at pub 0.0880 Δ today 0.1740
173
MLP
0.4620
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
DoG
0.9690 ±0.0030
2
GWN-fa
0.9667 ±0.0026
3
GWN-sym
0.9666 ±0.0026
6
GraphSAGE
0.9593 ±0.0025
12
GCN
actual #12 vs paper #155 143 places worse
0.9514 ±0.0025
best reported
actual #12 vs paper #155 143 places worse
paper 0.9070 ±0.0020
best today: Graph Wave Networks (WWW 2025)
paper 0.9070 ±0.0020 Δ at pub 0.0290 Δ today 0.0444
21
GAT
actual #21 vs paper #178 157 places worse
0.9437 ±0.0028
best reported
actual #21 vs paper #178 157 places worse
paper 0.8740 ±0.0020
best today: Graph Wave Networks (WWW 2025)
paper 0.8740 ±0.0020 Δ at pub 0.0640 Δ today 0.0697
25
APPNP
actual #25 vs paper #118 93 places worse
0.9400 ±0.0030
best reported
actual #25 vs paper #118 93 places worse
paper 0.9210 ±0.0040
paper 0.9210 ±0.0040 Δ at pub 0.0174 Δ today 0.0190
31
S^2GC
actual #31 vs paper #133 102 places worse
0.9380 ±0.0010
best reported
actual #31 vs paper #133 102 places worse
paper 0.9160 ±0.0060
90
GAMLP(R)
0.9280 ±0.0070
This paper
88
MLP
0.9280 ±0.0020
96
SGC
actual #96 vs paper #159 63 places worse
0.9270 ±0.0010
best reported
actual #96 vs paper #159 63 places worse
paper 0.9030 ±0.0050
paper 0.9030 ±0.0050 Δ at pub 0.0240
106
JK-Net
actual #106 vs paper #168 62 places worse
0.9240 ±0.0040
best reported
actual #106 vs paper #168 62 places worse
paper 0.8950 ±0.0060
paper 0.8950 ±0.0060 Δ at pub 0.0290
110
GBP
0.9230 ±0.0040
This paper
128
SIGN
0.9190 ±0.0030
This paper
136
AP-GCN
0.9160 ±0.0070
This paper
174
ResGCN
0.8790 ±0.0060
This paper

OGB

#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
Jacobi
0.8968
2
GPR
0.8953
3
LEMP4HG
0.8939
4
SAGE
0.8933
43
SAGN+SLE
actual #43 vs paper #74 31 places worse
0.8501 ±0.0010
best reported
actual #43 vs paper #74 31 places worse
paper 0.8329 ±0.0018
paper 0.8329 ±0.0018 Δ at pub 0.0172
71
GAMLP(R)
0.8359 ±0.0009
This paper
72
GBP
actual #72 vs paper #137 65 places worse
0.8350 ±0.0080
best reported
actual #72 vs paper #137 65 places worse
paper 0.8048 ±0.0005
paper 0.8048 ±0.0005 Δ at pub 0.0302
94
SGC
actual #94 vs paper #245 151 places worse
0.8220 ±0.0090
best reported
actual #94 vs paper #245 151 places worse
paper 0.7587 ±0.0014
paper 0.7587 ±0.0014 Δ at pub 0.0633
351
MLP
0.6605 ±0.0020
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
SGC
0.7910
2
GAMLP
0.7036 ±0.0002
3
GLEM-GNN
0.7036 ±0.0002
13
GAMLP(JK)
0.6807 ±0.0010
This paper
14
SAGN+SLE
actual #14 vs paper #15 1 place worse
0.6800 ±0.0015
best reported
actual #14 vs paper #15 1 place worse
paper 0.6755 ±0.0015
paper 0.6755 ±0.0015 Δ at pub 0.0045 Δ today 0.0045
35
SAGE
0.6644 ±0.0017
95
MLP
0.4960 ±0.0030
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
LMSPS+LP+MS
0.5784 ±0.0022
2
SeHGNN+emb+ms
0.5719 ±0.0012
3
SeHGNN+ms
0.5671 ±0.0014
18
NARS-GAMLP
actual #18 vs paper #18
0.5401 ±0.0021
actual #18 vs paper #18
paper 0.5401 ±0.0021

Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted.

paper 0.5401 ±0.0021 Δ at pub 0.0005
57
GraphSAGE
0.4646 ±0.0060
76
MLP
0.3243
SOTA performance (not significantly different from the best) Proposed method (this paper) Baseline / comparison (this paper) Global context (other papers) Best at pub — reported result worse than the best known when published (best reported in green) Best today — OK at publication; today's leaderboard best is elsewhere