Wiener Graph Deconvolutional Network Improves Graph Self-Supervised Learning
Abstract
Graph self-supervised learning (SSL) has been vastly employed to learn representations from unlabeled graphs. Existing methods can be roughly divided into predictive learning and contrastive learning, where the latter one attracts more research attention with better empirical performance. We argue that, however, predictive models weaponed with powerful decoder could achieve comparable or even better representation power than contrastive models. In this work, we propose a Wiener Graph Deconvolutional Network (WGDN), an augmentation-adaptive decoder empowered by graph wiener filter to perform information reconstruction. Theoretical analysis proves the superior reconstruction ability of graph wiener filter. Extensive experimental results on various datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Benchmark Results
Tested on 5 datasets 9 baseline values reported too low
Tables show presented results in global context (best 3 papers + GCN + MLP).
Classic
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GraphTARIF | 0.9703
±0.0019 | |
| 2 | GAT | 0.9669
±0.0014 best reported | best at pub: Learning Graph Augmentations to Learn Graph Representations (2022) |
| 3 | GAT+T | 0.9660
±0.0007 | |
| 7 | SAGE | 0.9643
±0.0027 | |
| 8 | GCN | 0.9632
±0.0008 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) |
| 110 | WGDN | 0.9389
±0.0031 | This paper |
| 111 | WGDN_H | 0.9389
±0.0031 | This paper |
| 130 | AFGRL | 0.9361
±0.0020 | prev best: Augmentation-Free Self-Supervised Learning on Graphs (AAAI 2021) Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted. |
| 131 | AFGRL_H | 0.9361
±0.0020 | This paper |
| 172 | BGRL | 0.9337
±0.0021 | prev best: Learning Graph Augmentations to Learn Graph Representations (2022) Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted. |
| 173 | BGRL_H | 0.9337
±0.0021 | This paper |
| 186 | CCA-SSG | 0.9325
±0.0021 | This paper |
| 187 | CCA-SSG_H | 0.9325
±0.0025 | This paper |
| 191 | GCA | 0.9320
±0.0060 best reported | best at pub: Calibrating and Improving Graph Contrastive Learning (TMLR 2021) best today: Decoupling Weighing and Selecting for Integrating Multiple Graph Pre-training Tasks (ICLR 2024) |
| 201 | BGRL_P | 0.9315
±0.0021 | This paper |
| 203 | GRACE | 0.9313
±0.0017 best reported | best at pub: Learning Graph Augmentations to Learn Graph Representations (2022) best today: Learn Beneficial Noise as Graph Augmentation (ICML 2025) |
| 206 | MVGRL | 0.9310
±0.0040 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) best today: Decoupling Weighing and Selecting for Integrating Multiple Graph Pre-training Tasks (ICLR 2024) |
| 213 | DGI | 0.9309
±0.0008 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) |
| 216 | AFGRL_P | 0.9306
±0.0027 | This paper |
| 219 | BGRL_N | 0.9301
±0.0020 | This paper |
| 225 | WGDN_P | 0.9296
±0.0019 | This paper |
| 224 | AFGRL_N | 0.9296
±0.0025 | This paper |
| 234 | GDN | 0.9284
±0.0007 | This paper |
| 244 | CCA-SSG_P | 0.9279
±0.0025 | This paper |
| 303 | CCA-SSG_N | 0.9238
±0.0033 | This paper |
| 315 | WGDN_N | 0.9226
±0.0037 | This paper |
| 352 | GAE | 0.9185
±0.0006 best reported | best at pub: Graph Masked Autoencoders with Transformers (2022) |
| 390 | MLP | 0.9128
±0.0063 | |
| 391 | GALA | 0.9127
±0.0012 | This paper |
| 443 | DeepWalk + feat. | 0.9010
±0.0010 best reported | best at pub: Learning Graph Augmentations to Learn Graph Representations (2022) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| 457 | Node2Vec | 0.8970
±0.0010 best reported | best at pub: Learning Graph Augmentations to Learn Graph Representations (2022) best today: Multiplex Graph Contrastive Learning with Soft Negatives (2024) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GraphTARIF | 0.9461
±0.0017 | |
| 2 | GCN | 0.9412
±0.0008 best reported | best at pub: Learning on Attribute-Missing Graphs (2020) |
| 3 | GAT | 0.9398
±0.0022 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) |
| 8 | SAGE | 0.9351
±0.0006 | |
| 79 | BGRL | 0.9034
±0.0019 best reported | best at pub: Graph Representation Learning via Aggregation Enhancement (2022) best today: Adaptive Negative Scheduling for Graph Contrastive Learning (2026) |
| 112 | AFGRL | 0.8988
±0.0033 best reported | best at pub: Augmentation-Free Self-Supervised Learning on Graphs (AAAI 2021) best today: Adaptive Negative Scheduling for Graph Contrastive Learning (2026) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| 121 | WGDN | 0.8972
±0.0048 | This paper |
| 122 | WGDN_H | 0.8972
±0.0048 | This paper |
| 123 | BGRL_H | 0.8970
±0.0015 | This paper |
| 129 | BGRL_P | 0.8963
±0.0017 | This paper |
| 133 | WGDN_P | 0.8959
±0.0045 | This paper |
| 134 | AFGRL_H | 0.8958
±0.0045 | This paper |
| 139 | GRACE | 0.8953
±0.0035 best reported | best at pub: Graph Representation Learning via Aggregation Enhancement (2022) best today: Adaptive Negative Scheduling for Graph Contrastive Learning (2026) |
| 141 | BGRL_N | 0.8949
±0.0021 | This paper |
| 146 | AFGRL_P | 0.8933
±0.0037 | This paper |
| 156 | WGDN_N | 0.8903
±0.0046 | This paper |
| 159 | CCA-SSG | 0.8896
±0.0013 best reported | best today: Str-GCL: Structural Commonsense Driven Graph Contrastive Learning (WWW 2025) |
| 160 | GCA | 0.8894
±0.0015 | This paper |
| 163 | AFGRL_N | 0.8891
±0.0037 | This paper |
| 179 | MVGRL | 0.8861
±0.0064 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) |
| 201 | CCA-SSG_H | 0.8815
±0.0035 | This paper |
| 210 | DGI | 0.8798
±0.0081 best reported | best at pub: Graph Representation Learning via Aggregation Enhancement (2022) best today: Bootstrap Latents of Nodes and Neighbors for Graph Self-Supervised Learning (2024) |
| 226 | GDN | 0.8767
±0.0017 | This paper |
| 229 | GALA | 0.8761
±0.0006 | This paper |
| 243 | CCA-SSG_N | 0.8735
±0.0030 | This paper |
| 245 | CCA-SSG_P | 0.8727
±0.0046 | This paper |
| 264 | GAE | 0.8666
±0.0007 best reported | best at pub: Graph Masked Autoencoders with Transformers (2022) |
| 279 | DeepWalk + feat. | 0.8628
±0.0007 | This paper |
| 320 | MLP | 0.8463 | |
| 330 | Node2Vec | 0.8440
±0.0010 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) best today: Multiplex Graph Contrastive Learning with Soft Negatives (2024) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GrokFormer | 0.9831
±0.0018 | |
| 2 | PolyFormer | 0.9808
±0.0027 | |
| 3 | SGFormer | 0.9796
±0.0081 | |
| 6 | GAT | 0.9782
±0.0028 best reported | best at pub: SelfGNN: Self-supervised Graph Neural Networks without explicit negative sampling (WWW 2021) best today: GrokFormer: Graph Fourier Kolmogorov-Arnold Transformers (ICML 2024) |
| 9 | GCN | 0.9774
±0.0035 best reported | best at pub: SelfGNN: Self-supervised Graph Neural Networks without explicit negative sampling (WWW 2021) best today: GrokFormer: Graph Fourier Kolmogorov-Arnold Transformers (ICML 2024) |
| 17 | SAGE | 0.9739
±0.0018 | |
| 58 | MLP | 0.9597
±0.0007 | |
| 63 | GCA | 0.9590
±0.0020 best reported | best at pub: Barlow Graph Auto-Encoder for Unsupervised Network Embedding (2021) best today: Unifying Graph Contrastive Learning with Flexible Contextual Scopes (2022) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| 69 | BGRL | 0.9580
±0.0040 best reported | best at pub: Learning Graph Augmentations to Learn Graph Representations (2022) best today: Unifying Graph Contrastive Learning with Flexible Contextual Scopes (2022) |
| 75 | WGDN | 0.9576
±0.0011 | This paper |
| 76 | WGDN_H | 0.9576
±0.0011 | This paper |
| 77 | GRACE | 0.9526
±0.0002 | prev best: Towards Graph Self-Supervised Learning with Contrastive Adjusted Zooming (2021) best today: Learn Beneficial Noise as Graph Augmentation (ICML 2025) Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted. |
| 78 | AFGRL | 0.9574
±0.0010 | prev best: Augmentation-Free Self-Supervised Learning on Graphs (AAAI 2021) Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted. |
| 79 | AFGRL_H | 0.9574
±0.0010 | This paper |
| 84 | AFGRL_P | 0.9571
±0.0010 | This paper |
| 106 | CCA-SSG | 0.9559
±0.0007 | This paper |
| 107 | CCA-SSG_H | 0.9559
±0.0007 | This paper |
| 110 | AFGRL_N | 0.9554
±0.0009 | This paper |
| 125 | MVGRL | 0.9544
±0.0027 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) best today: HAT-GAE: Self-Supervised Graph Auto-encoders with Hierarchical Adaptive Masking and Trainable Corruption (2023) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| 131 | WGDN_P | 0.9540
±0.0023 | This paper |
| 135 | WGDN_N | 0.9533
±0.0002 | This paper |
| 140 | BGRL_P | 0.9528
±0.0006 | This paper |
| 142 | BGRL_H | 0.9524
±0.0009 | This paper |
| 143 | GALA | 0.9523
±0.0004 | This paper |
| 144 | GDN | 0.9522
±0.0005 | This paper |
| 146 | GAE | 0.9520
±0.0010 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) best today: Revisiting Graph Autoencoders as Implicit Contrastive Learners (KDD 2024) |
| 150 | BGRL_N | 0.9514
±0.0006 | This paper |
| 151 | CCA-SSG_N | 0.9514
±0.0007 | This paper |
| 156 | CCA-SSG_P | 0.9512
±0.0013 | This paper |
| 162 | DeepWalk + feat. | 0.9490
±0.0009 | This paper |
| 167 | DGI | 0.9489
±0.0009 best reported | best at pub: Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation (WWW 2020) best today: Balancing Graph Embedding Smoothness in Self-Supervised Learning via Information-Theoretic Decomposition (WWW 2025) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| 268 | Node2Vec | 0.9120
±0.0010 best reported | best at pub: Learning Graph Augmentations to Learn Graph Representations (2022) best today: Unifying Graph Contrastive Learning with Flexible Contextual Scopes (2022) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
TU Dortmund
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WL-MLP | 0.9954 | |
| 2 | GIN | 0.9934 | |
| 3 | GCN | 0.9727 | |
| 131 | GraphSAGE | 0.8200
±0.0100 | |
| 186 | WGDN | 0.8070
±0.0039 | This paper |
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WL-MLP | 0.9792 | |
| 2 | MSH-GNN | 0.9640
±0.0070 | |
| 3 | CoCN | 0.8722
±0.0013 | |
| 23 | GCN | 0.8260
±0.0220 | |
| 40 | WGDN | 0.8176
±0.0024 | This paper |
| 151 | MLP | 0.7920
±0.0240 |
