Latent Graph Inference using Product Manifolds
Abstract
Graph Neural Networks usually rely on the assumption that the graph topology is available to the network as well as optimal for the downstream task. Latent graph inference allows models to dynamically learn the intrinsic graph structure of problems where the connectivity patterns of data may not be directly accessible. In this work, we generalize the discrete Differentiable Graph Module (dDGM) for latent graph learning. The original dDGM architecture used the Euclidean plane to encode latent features based on which the latent graphs were generated. By incorporating Riemannian geometry into the model and generating more complex embedding spaces, we can improve the performance of the latent graph inference system. In particular, we propose a computationally tractable approach to produce product manifolds of constant curvature model spaces that can encode latent features of varying structure. The latent representations mapped onto the inferred product manifold are used to compute richer similarity measures that are leveraged by the latent graph learning model to obtain optimized latent graphs. Moreover, the curvature of the product manifold is learned during training alongside the rest of the network parameters and based on the downstream task, rather than it being a static embedding space. Our novel approach is tested on a wide range of datasets, and outperforms the original dDGM model.
Benchmark Results
Tested on 3 datasets 3 baseline values reported too low
Tables show presented results in global context (best 3 papers + GCN + MLP).
Classic
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GrokFormer | 0.9831
±0.0018 | |
| 2 | PolyFormer | 0.9808
±0.0027 | |
| 3 | SGFormer | 0.9796
±0.0081 | |
| 9 | GCN | 0.9774
±0.0035 best reported | best at pub: SelfGNN: Self-supervised Graph Neural Networks without explicit negative sampling (WWW 2021) best today: GrokFormer: Graph Fourier Kolmogorov-Arnold Transformers (ICML 2024) |
| 17 | SAGE | 0.9739
±0.0018 | |
| 51 | GCN-dDGM-EHS | 0.9618
±0.0031 | This paper |
| 55 | GCN-dDGM-H | 0.9606
±0.0042 | This paper |
| 56 | GCN-dDGM-E | 0.9603
±0.0041 | This paper |
| 58 | MLP* | 0.9491
±0.0030 | |
| 62 | GCN-dDGM-S | 0.9591
±0.0041 | This paper |
OGB
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jacobi | 0.8968 | |
| 2 | GPR | 0.8953 | |
| 3 | LEMP4HG | 0.8939 | |
| 4 | SAGE | 0.8933 | |
| 134 | GATv2 | 0.8063
±0.0070 best reported | |
| 349 | GATv2-dDGM-E | 0.6659
±0.0030 | This paper |
| 351 | MLP | 0.6605
±0.0020 best reported | best at pub: SCR: Training Graph Neural Networks with Consistency Regularization (2021) best today: Latent Graph Inference using Product Manifolds (ICLR 2022) |
| 355 | GATv2-dDGM-EH | 0.6562
±0.0020 | This paper |
| 363 | GATv2-dDGM-H | 0.6395
±0.0042 | This paper |
Heterophilic Graphs
| # | Model | Accuracy ↑ | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | P^2GNN | 0.9672
±0.0147 | |
| 2 | DoG | 0.9660
±0.0210 | |
| 3 | GPF-plus | 0.9583
±0.0419 | |
| 34 | MLP* | 0.9230
±0.0070 best reported | best at pub: Convolutional Neural Networks on Graphs with Chebyshev Approximation, Revisited (NeurIPS 2022) best today: Design your own universe: a physics-informed agnostic method for enhancing graph neural networks (2024) Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance. |
| 53 | GraphSAGE | 0.9000
±0.0365 | |
| 209 | GCN-dDGM*-EH | 0.8167
±0.0705 | This paper |
| 224 | GCN-dDGM*-ES | 0.8111
±0.1030 | This paper |
| 225 | GCN-dDGM*-HS | 0.8111
±0.0969 | This paper |
| 226 | GCN-dDGM*-EHH | 0.8111
±0.0509 | This paper |
| 244 | GCN-dDGM*-E | 0.8000
±0.0831 | This paper |
| 254 | GCN-dDGM*-H | 0.7944
±0.0788 | This paper |
| 255 | GCN-dDGM*-EHS | 0.7944
±0.0611 | This paper |
| 257 | GCN | 0.7933
±0.0447 best reported | best at pub: Restructuring Graphs for Higher Homophily via Adaptive Spectral Clustering (AAAI 2022) best today: Graph Wave Networks (WWW 2025) |
| 265 | GCN-dDGM*-HH | 0.7889
±0.0853 | This paper |
| 341 | GCN-dDGM*-SS | 0.7389
±0.0862 | This paper |
| 342 | GCN-dDGM*-S | 0.7388
±0.0995 | This paper |
