Unifying Graph Contrastive Learning via Graph Message Augmentation

Ziyan Zhang, Bo Jiang, Jin Tang, Bin Luo

Main figure for Unifying Graph Contrastive Learning via Graph Message Augmentation

Abstract

Graph contrastive learning is usually performed by first conducting Graph Data Augmentation (GDA) and then employing a contrastive learning pipeline to train GNNs. As we know that GDA is an important issue for graph contrastive learning. Various GDAs have been developed recently which mainly involve dropping or perturbing edges, nodes, node attributes and edge attributes. However, to our knowledge, it still lacks a universal and effective augmentor that is suitable for different types of graph data. To address this issue, in this paper, we first introduce the graph message representation of graph data. Based on it, we then propose a novel Graph Message Augmentation (GMA), a universal scheme for reformulating many existing GDAs. The proposed unified GMA not only gives a new perspective to understand many existing GDAs but also provides a universal and more effective graph data augmentation for graph self-supervised learning tasks. Moreover, GMA introduces an easy way to implement the mixup augmentor which is natural for images but usually challengeable for graphs. Based on the proposed GMA, we then propose a unified graph contrastive learning, termed Graph Message Contrastive Learning (GMCL), that employs attribution-guided universal GMA for graph contrastive learning. Experiments on many graph learning tasks demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed GMA and GMCL approaches.

Benchmark Results

Tested on 5 datasets 9 baseline values reported too low

Tables show presented results in global context (best 3 papers + GCN + MLP).

TU Dortmund

#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
MSH-GNN
0.9910 ±0.0030
2
ID-GNN+BEC
0.9830 ±0.0360
3
SupCosine
0.9830 ±0.0250
30
GMCL-D
0.9409 ±0.0628
This paper
39
GIN
0.9330 ±0.0290
42
GMCL-P
0.9310 ±0.0533
This paper
43
GMCL-M
0.9310 ±0.0630
This paper
44
Message perturb
0.9310 ±0.0533
This paper
59
Message mixup
0.9254 ±0.0685
This paper
72
Message drop
0.9208 ±0.0484
This paper
94
Node drop
0.9149 ±0.0587
This paper
95
Edge drop
0.9146 ±0.0612
This paper
96
Node attribute drop
0.9146 ±0.0428
This paper
122
Node perturb
0.9096 ±0.0426
This paper
123
Node attribute perturb
0.9096 ±0.0337
This paper
137
GRACE
0.9065 ±0.0081
This paper
138
GCA
actual #138 vs paper #595 457 places worse
0.9060 ±0.0076
best reported
actual #138 vs paper #595 457 places worse
paper 0.8079 ±0.1051

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.8079 ±0.1051 Δ at pub 0.0981
159
WL
actual #159 vs paper #596 437 places worse
0.9040 ±0.0570
best reported
actual #159 vs paper #596 437 places worse
paper 0.8072 ±0.0300
paper 0.8072 ±0.0300 Δ at pub 0.0968
172
Edge perturb
0.9038 ±0.0528
This paper
178
AD-GCL
actual #178 vs paper #178
0.9028 ±0.0401
actual #178 vs paper #178
paper 0.9028 ±0.0401

Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted.

paper 0.9028 ±0.0401 Δ at pub 0.0058
189
subgraph
0.9000 ±0.0598
This paper
222
JOAOv2
actual #222 vs paper #222
0.8967 ±0.0524
actual #222 vs paper #222
paper 0.8967 ±0.0524

Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted.

paper 0.8967 ±0.0524 Δ at pub 0.0200
257
InfoGraph
actual #257 vs paper #272 15 places worse
0.8930 ±0.0514
best reported
actual #257 vs paper #272 15 places worse
paper 0.8901 ±0.0113

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.8901 ±0.0113 Δ at pub 0.0029
302
AutoGCL
0.8864 ±0.0108
This paper
354
GraphCL
actual #354 vs paper #396 42 places worse
0.8766 ±0.0103
best reported
actual #354 vs paper #396 42 places worse
paper 0.8680 ±0.0134

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.8680 ±0.0134 Δ at pub 0.0086
365
DGK
0.8744 ±0.0272
This paper
403
MLP
0.8660 ±0.0495
407
graph2vec
actual #407 vs paper #517 110 places worse
0.8644 ±0.0125
best reported
actual #407 vs paper #517 110 places worse
paper 0.8315 ±0.0925

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.8315 ±0.0925 Δ at pub 0.0329
444
GL
actual #444 vs paper #577 133 places worse
0.8520 ±0.0090
best reported
actual #444 vs paper #577 133 places worse
paper 0.8166 ±0.0211
paper 0.8166 ±0.0211 Δ at pub 0.0354
472
Sub2Vec
actual #472 vs paper #786 314 places worse
0.8447 ±0.0037
best reported
actual #472 vs paper #786 314 places worse
paper 0.6105 ±0.1580

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.6105 ±0.1580 Δ at pub 0.2342
746
Node2Vec
0.7263 ±0.1020
This paper
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
WL-MLP
0.9954
2
GIN
0.9934
3
GCN
0.9727
12
WL
actual #12 vs paper #223 211 places worse
0.8590 ±0.0010
best reported
actual #12 vs paper #223 211 places worse
paper 0.8001 ±0.0050
best at pub: Propagation Kernels (2014)
paper 0.8001 ±0.0050 Δ at pub 0.0589
76
GMCL-D
0.8299 ±0.0206
This paper
89
GMCL-M
0.8275 ±0.0170
This paper
104
GraphCL
actual #104 vs paper #325 221 places worse
0.8250 ±0.0013
best reported
actual #104 vs paper #325 221 places worse
paper 0.7787 ±0.0041
paper 0.7787 ±0.0041 Δ at pub 0.0463
133
AutoGCL
actual #133 vs paper #133
0.8200 ±0.0029
actual #133 vs paper #133
paper 0.8200 ±0.0029
paper 0.8200 ±0.0029 Δ at pub 0.0825
131
GraphSAGE
0.8200 ±0.0100
136
GMCL-P
0.8199 ±0.0218
This paper
210
DGK
0.8031 ±0.0046
This paper
338
InfoGraph
actual #338 vs paper #386 48 places worse
0.7750 ±0.0074
best reported
actual #338 vs paper #386 48 places worse
paper 0.7620 ±0.0106

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.7620 ±0.0106 Δ at pub 0.0130
351
GRACE
actual #351 vs paper #389 38 places worse
0.7720 ±0.0150
best reported
actual #351 vs paper #389 38 places worse
paper 0.7616 ±0.0042

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.7616 ±0.0042 Δ today 0.0104
406
graph2vec
actual #406 vs paper #446 40 places worse
0.7540 ±0.0120
best reported
actual #406 vs paper #446 40 places worse
paper 0.7322 ±0.0181

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.7322 ±0.0181 Δ at pub 0.0218
557
Sub2Vec
actual #557 vs paper #575 18 places worse
0.5976 ±0.0035
best reported
actual #557 vs paper #575 18 places worse
paper 0.5284 ±0.0147
paper 0.5284 ±0.0147 Δ at pub 0.0692
571
Node2Vec
actual #571 vs paper #571
0.5490 ±0.0160
best reported
actual #571 vs paper #571
paper 0.5489 ±0.0161

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.5489 ±0.0161 Δ at pub 0.0001 Δ today 0.0001
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
WL-MLP
0.9792
2
MSH-GNN
0.9640 ±0.0070
3
CoCN
0.8722 ±0.0013
23
GCN
0.8260 ±0.0220
32
JOAOv2
actual #32 vs paper #240 208 places worse
0.8216 ±0.0017
best reported
actual #32 vs paper #240 208 places worse
paper 0.7553 ±0.0018
paper 0.7553 ±0.0018 Δ at pub 0.0663
80
GraphCL
actual #80 vs paper #240 160 places worse
0.8108 ±0.0017
best reported
actual #80 vs paper #240 160 places worse
paper 0.7550 ±0.0215
paper 0.7550 ±0.0215 Δ at pub 0.0558
81
Infomax
actual #81 vs paper #269 188 places worse
0.8104 ±0.0012
best reported
actual #81 vs paper #269 188 places worse
paper 0.7375 ±0.0029
paper 0.7375 ±0.0029 Δ at pub 0.0729
141
GRACE
actual #141 vs paper #248 107 places worse
0.7960 ±0.0130
best reported
actual #141 vs paper #248 107 places worse
paper 0.7532 ±0.0256
paper 0.7532 ±0.0256 Δ today 0.0428
146
InfoGraph
actual #146 vs paper #295 149 places worse
0.7940
best reported
actual #146 vs paper #295 149 places worse
paper 0.7065 ±0.0113
paper 0.7065 ±0.0113 Δ at pub 0.0875
151
MLP
0.7920 ±0.0240
204
AutoGCL
0.7716 ±0.0148
This paper
215
GMCL-M
0.7670 ±0.0180
This paper
221
GMCL-P
0.7644 ±0.0167
This paper
222
GMCL-D
0.7640 ±0.0140
This paper
233
AD-GCL
0.7582 ±0.0026
This paper
259
GCA
0.7432 ±0.0230
This paper
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
ID-GNN+BEC
0.8150 ±0.0240
2
GIN+BEC
0.8080 ±0.0330
3
GCN+BEC
0.7990 ±0.0340
4
GCN
0.7980 ±0.0230
29
GMCL-P
0.7560 ±0.0317
This paper
34
GMCL-D
0.7520 ±0.0404
This paper
37
GMCL-M
0.7510 ±0.0416
This paper
72
WL
actual #72 vs paper #98 26 places worse
0.7340 ±0.0463
best reported
actual #72 vs paper #98 26 places worse
paper 0.7230 ±0.0344

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.7230 ±0.0344 Δ today 0.0110
73
AutoGCL
actual #73 vs paper #73
0.7330 ±0.0040
actual #73 vs paper #73
paper 0.7330 ±0.0040
paper 0.7330 ±0.0040 Δ at pub 0.0260
82
InfoGraph
0.7303 ±0.0087
This paper
115
JOAOv2
actual #115 vs paper #115
0.7160 ±0.0086
actual #115 vs paper #115
paper 0.7160 ±0.0086

Improvement within reported uncertainty; not highlighted.

paper 0.7160 ±0.0086 Δ at pub 0.0090
123
GRACE
0.7135 ±0.0046
This paper
124
GraphCL
0.7114 ±0.0044
This paper
125
graph2vec
0.7110 ±0.0054
This paper
140
DGK
actual #140 vs paper #140
0.6700 ±0.0060
best reported
actual #140 vs paper #140
paper 0.6696 ±0.0056

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.6696 ±0.0056 Δ at pub 0.0004
143
GL
0.6587 ±0.0098
This paper
154
Sub2Vec
actual #154 vs paper #154
0.5530 ±0.0150
best reported
actual #154 vs paper #154
paper 0.5526 ±0.0154

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.5526 ±0.0154 Δ at pub 0.0004
#ModelAccuracy ↑Paper
1
SpeGCL
0.5944 ±0.0018
2
GIN
0.5760 ±0.0150
3
LAMP-Soft
0.5738 ±0.0041
5
GMCL-M
0.5681 ±0.0250
This paper
6
AutoGCL
actual #6 vs paper #6
0.5675 ±0.0018
actual #6 vs paper #6
paper 0.5675 ±0.0018
paper 0.5675 ±0.0018 Δ at pub 0.0684
7
GMCL-D
0.5663 ±0.0186
This paper
8
GMCL-P
0.5635 ±0.0231
This paper
11
GraphCL
actual #11 vs paper #11
0.5599 ±0.0028
actual #11 vs paper #11
paper 0.5599 ±0.0028
paper 0.5599 ±0.0028 Δ at pub 0.0790
14
GRACE
0.5571 ±0.0083
This paper
16
AD-GCL
actual #16 vs paper #19 3 places worse
0.5490 ±0.0040
best reported
actual #16 vs paper #19 3 places worse
paper 0.5349 ±0.0028
18
Infomax
0.5361 ±0.0031
This paper
19
InfoGraph
actual #19 vs paper #19
0.5350 ±0.0100
best reported
actual #19 vs paper #19
paper 0.5346 ±0.0103

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.5346 ±0.0103 Δ today 0.0004
20
JOAOv2
0.5271 ±0.0028
This paper
23
graph2vec
actual #23 vs paper #23
0.4790 ±0.0030
best reported
actual #23 vs paper #23
paper 0.4786 ±0.0026

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.4786 ±0.0026 Δ today 0.0004
25
WL
actual #25 vs paper #25
0.4610 ±0.0020
best reported
actual #25 vs paper #25
paper 0.4606 ±0.0021

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.4606 ±0.0021 Δ today 0.0004
26
GraphSAGE
0.4380 ±0.0320
27
DGK
0.4127 ±0.0018
This paper
28
GL
0.4101 ±0.0017
This paper
31
Sub2Vec
actual #31 vs paper #31
0.3670 ±0.0040
best reported
actual #31 vs paper #31
paper 0.3668 ±0.0042

Difference within reported uncertainty; not counted as underperformance.

paper 0.3668 ±0.0042 Δ today 0.0002
32
GCA
0.3295 ±0.1089
This paper
SOTA performance (not significantly different from the best) Baseline / comparison (this paper) Global context (other papers) Best at pub — reported result worse than the best known when published (best reported in green) Best at pub — reported value improved over the best known when published Best today — OK at publication; today's leaderboard best is elsewhere